Observational research methods—Cohort studies, cross sectional studies, and case–control studies
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Observational research methods. Research design II: cohort, cross sectional, and case-control studies.
Cohort, cross sectional, and case-control studies are collectively referred to as observational studies. Often these studies are the only practicable method of studying various problems, for example, studies of aetiology, instances where a randomised controlled trial might be unethical, or if the condition to be studied is rare. Cohort studies are used to study incidence, causes, and prognosis....
متن کاملpostnatal studies of bats (pipistrellus kuhlii and miniopterus schreibersii) & histomorphology and histochemistry studies of organs and diseases of (neurergus microspilotus and n. kaiseri)
1. to determine whether difference in birth body mass influenced growth performance in pipistrellus kuhlii we studied a total of 12 captive-born neonates. bats were assigned to two body mass groups: light birth body mass (lbw: 0.89 ± 0.05, n=8) and heavy birth body mass (hbw: 1.35 ± 0.08, n=4). heavier body mass at birth was associated with rapid postnatal growth (body mass and forearm length) ...
Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies
Critical appraisal (CA) is used to systematically assess research papers and to judge the reliability of the study being presented in the paper. CA also helps in assessing the worth and relevance of the study [1]. There are many key areas to CA including assessing suitability of the study to answer the hypothesised question and the possibility of introducing bias into the study. Identifying the...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: African Journal of Emergency Medicine
سال: 2012
ISSN: 2211-419X
DOI: 10.1016/j.afjem.2011.12.004